Abstract Summary
• This research investigates the effects of pile spacing on the thermal performance of thermo-active piles, quantifying the effects of thermal interference. • The thermal performance of a thermo-active pile is at maximum when it operates as a single standalone pile, with the lower bound corresponding to piles operating within an infinitely-large group. • The analyses performed show that in an infinitely-large group, the thermal performance of a thermo-active pile increases from 20% of that of a single pile for a spacing of 3 diameters to about 40% when that spacing increases to 6 diameters.
