Abstract Summary
This work presents extended numerical simulations using an advanced constitutive model for the long-term stability of a deep gravity energy storage system (GES). Cumulative effects in sand due to a lifetime of about 100 years can be simulated using the HCA model. Throughout this period, changes in soil properties occur in both dry and saturated soil. However, there are no stability problems. Both the energy storage capacity and the energy efficiency are promising, suggesting that the presented gravity energy storage system has the potential to contribute to the energy transition.
